Precedence and Associativity

This page defines the precedence and associativity rules that determine how expressions are grouped and evaluated.

Precedence

Expressions bind, tightest first, as follows:

1. postfix operations,
2. unary prefix operators and the type-forming unary prefixes (&T, []T),
3. multiplicative operators,
4. additive operators,
5. comparison operators,
6. logical conjunction (&&),
7. logical disjunction (||), and
8. conditional expressions.

Associativity

Binary operators are left-associative: repeated operators at the same precedence level group from left to right.

Conditional expressions are right-associative: nested conditional expressions group from right to left.

Syntax

This section restates the precedence-relevant productions; each production is defined canonically on its own page, and the complete grammar collects them in one place.

conditional_expression = logical_or_expression, [ question_mark, conditional_expression, colon, conditional_expression ] ;

logical_or_expression = logical_and_expression, { logical_disjunction_operator, logical_and_expression } ;

logical_and_expression = comparison_expression, { logical_conjunction_operator, comparison_expression } ;

comparison_expression = additive_expression, { comparison_operator, additive_expression } ;

additive_expression = multiplicative_expression, { additive_operator, multiplicative_expression } ;

multiplicative_expression = unary_expression, { multiplicative_operator, unary_expression } ;

unary_expression = { unary_operator | ampersand | left_bracket, right_bracket }, postfix_expression ;

unary_operator = negation_operator | logical_not_operator | length_operator ;

postfix_expression = primary_expression, { postfix_operation } ;

postfix_operation = call_operation | static_access_operation | dynamic_access_operation | subscript_operation | subslice_operation | construction_operation ;